What Are the Products of Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the name given to the set of chemical reactions performed by plants to convert energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of sugar. Specifically, plants use energy from sunlight to react carbon dioxide and water to produce sugar (glucose) and oxygen. Many reactions occur, but the overall chemical reaction for photosynthesis is: 6 CO2 6 H2O light → C6H12O6 6 O2Carbon Dioxide Water Light yields Glucose Oxygen In a plant, the carbon dioxide enters via leaf stomates by diffusion. Water is absorbed through the roots and is transported to leaves through the xylem. Solar energy is absorbed by chlorophyll in the leaves. The reactions of photosynthesis occur in the chloroplasts of plants. In photosynthetic bacteria, the process takes place where chlorophyll or a related pigment is embedded in the plasma membrane. The oxygen and water produced in photosynthesis exit through the stomata. Key Takeaways In photosynthesis, energy from light is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.For 6 carbon dioxide and 6 water molecules, 1 glucose molecule and 6 oxygen molecules are produced. Actually, plants reserve very little of the glucose for immediate use. Glucose molecules are combined by dehydration synthesis to form cellulose, which is used as a structural material. Dehydration synthesis is also used to convert glucose to starch, which plants use to store energy. Intermediate Products of Photosynthesis The overall chemical equation is a summary of a series of chemical reactions. These reactions occur in two stages. The light reactions require light (as you might imagine), while the dark reactions are controlled by enzymes. They dont require darkness to occur -- they simply dont depend on light. The light reactions absorb light and harness the energy to powder electron transfers. Most photosynthetic organisms capture visible light, although there are some that use infrared light. Products of these reactions are adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). In plant cells, the light-dependent reactions occur in the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. The overall reaction for the light-dependent reactions is: 2 H2O 2 NADP   3 ADP 3 Pi   light → 2 NADPH 2 H   3 ATP O2 In the dark stage, ATP and NADPH ultimately reduce carbon dioxide and other molecules. Carbon dioxide from the air is fixed into a biologically usable form, glucose. In plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, the dark reactions are termed the Calvin cycle. Bacteria may use different reactions, including a reverse Krebs cycle. The overall reaction for the light-independent reaction of a plant (Calvin cycle) is: 3 CO2   9 ATP 6 NADPH 6 H  Ã¢â€ â€™ C3H6O3-phosphate 9 ADP 8 Pi   6 NADP   3 H2O During carbon fixation, the three-carbon product of the Calvin cycle is converted into the final carbohydrate product.   VectorMine / Getty Images Factors That Affect the Rate of Photosynthesis Like any chemical reaction, the availability of the reactants determines the amount of products that can be made. Limiting the availability of carbon dioxide or water slows the production of glucose and oxygen. Also, the rate of the reactions is affected by temperature and the availability of minerals that may be needed in the intermediate reactions. The overall health of the plant (or other photosynthetic organism) also plays a role. The rate of metabolic reactions is determined in part by the maturity of the organism and whether its flowering or bearing fruit. What Is Not a Product of Photosynthesis? If youre asked about photosynthesis on a test, you may be asked to identify the products of the reaction. Thats pretty easy, right? Another form of the question is to ask what is not a product of photosynthesis. Unfortunately, this wont be an open-ended question, which you could easily answer with iron or a car or your mom. Usually this is a multiple choice question, listing molecules which are reactants or products of photosynthesis. The answer is any choice except glucose or  oxygen. The question may also be phrased to answer what is not a product of the light reactions or the dark reactions. So, its a good idea to know the overall reactants and products for the photosynthesis general equation, the light reactions, and the dark reactions. Sources Bidlack, J.E.; Stern, K.R.; Jansky, S. (2003). Introductory Plant Biology. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-290941-8.Blankenship, R.E. (2014). Molecular Mechanisms of Photosynthesis (2nd ed.). John Wiley Sons. ISBN 978-1-4051-8975-0.Reece J.B., et al. (2013). Campbell Biology. Benjamin Cummings. ISBN 978-0-321-77565-8.

The Issue Of The Presidential Election - 968 Words

While Americans argue over immigration, which will be a major topic of debate during the upcoming 2016 Presidential Election, a widening number of Americans are quietly emigrating to other countries. A recent online poll conducted by TrasferWise, a peer-to-peer funds transfer service headquartered in the United Kingdom, shows that 35 percent of Americans are considering leaving the country, in the meantime, a record number has already left. How Many Have Left? Therein lies a problem, the U.S. does a lousy job of keeping statistics on who leaves (Yet they can tell you every detail of who’s coming into the country legally and provide great estimates for illegal immigration!). Yes, the IRS publishes a list of Americans who give up their U.S. citizenship, but that number is vague and doesn’t tell the whole story. A November 2006 report issued by the United Nations Secretariat, â€Å"Estimation of Emigration from the United States Using International Data Sources† tells the real tale of Americans leaving the country. â€Å"The U.S. Census Bureau does not collect data on the number of people, either citizens or non-citizens, who emigrate from the United States, thus has no reliable source for these numbers.† The IRS list doesn’t include naturalized citizens that left the U.S., only Americans born in the U.S. that left and denounced citizenship. The community abroad, referred sometimes as a diaspora, is that, a community and it includes Americans abroad for many reasons, excludingShow MoreRelatedPresidential Election And Issues Of America Essay1620 Words   |  7 PagesSalvador Castaneda 11/6/2016 English 12 Presidential Election Issues The political infrastructure of America has remained consistent with the ideology of a representative republic, essentially the masses choosing representatives who then decide whom they want as a leader of the fine country under the notion of said candidates ideologies, religion, and promises upon election. Every four years, America holds an election to determine the Commander in Chief, an honor of prestige and status. 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Physical Activity and Risk Factors †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Physical Activity and Risk Factors. Answer: Introduction: Sultan Bin Saeed Al Mansoori, is the Economy Minister of UAE believed that the country is in progress of gaining the benefits of its policy of economy diversification. This policy helped the country to move from the dependency on one sector i.e. oil sector to depending on various sectors. From last few years the economy of the nation is growing positively. The economy now is determined through its own aspects, whereas its efficiency basis is durable, strong and diversified (Khaleej Times. 2015). Physical fitness of the work force in UAE is an opportunity such as it helps in managing the lifestyle of the employee as hectic schedule do not allow him to invest time in the gym so work place is the best place to adopt the healthy habits. On the other side to maintain the physical fitness of the older workers is a challenge. Family members, shareholders, community, employees and whole society is affected directly or indirectly by the workforce physical fitness level (Pronk, 2015). Physical fitness has relations with the positive health results, with declining risk for unnecessary deaths and long-lasting circumstances such as type 2 diabetes, back pain, cancers, cardiovascular disease, high cholesterol, as well as less health maintenance expenditure, efficiency loss, absence, temporary disability, and lost workdays and improved mood and performance of the work (Sport and Dev. 2017). Fitness is also related with non-health related aids, such as increase in the income of the person as well as his/her family, decreased debt, decrease in the number of unemployment, decrease turnover rate, satisfaction of the job and enrollment and workers retention. Security of the nation is enhanced due to fitness of the particular occupational groups such as law enforcement, firefighters and military as safety is a societal benefit (Health Galaxy. 2016). The workers will be more active due to full-time employment. Full-time employment amongst men, was completely related with physical movement stages irrespective of being in a sitting or desk job as compared to persons who did not work. Among women, though, persons in sitting full-time jobs were considerably less active compared to their nonworking colleagues. However, women with active jobs were approximately 30% extra active throughout the week compared to those with sitting jobs and similarly approx. 22% of men were noted (Pronk , 2015). Company is benefited due to the fitness of its workforce in the matter of its business performance and peoples health. This benefit indicates towards the better economic wealth for an progressively group of people and adds to the mutual resource pool, allowing groups to participate more in other macro societal factors of health such as governance, infrastructure, education, mass media, culture, migration, etc. several of these are serious for the success of a business and all of them are critical for health (Drevits, 2015). Such investments generate good jobs, rise housing worth and upkeep global, national and local competitiveness. Therefore, fitness of the workforce is very important for their companies, family, communities and to themselves and hence to be taken as a corporate asset to be concurrently sheltered and encouraged. Health services of UAE Several emerging countries are struggling against hunger and poor health. Spending on health has been considered as investment in human wealth. Economic development and health has a reciprocal relation (Frenk, 2017). To improve the health of the people Economic development policies are very important. Good health donates to development of economy. Good health is considered to be a basic need of human and is an important goal. The potential of human increases with the good health and improves the quality of work. Therefore, programs of health main aim is to eliminate illness and death and to deliver sufficient hygiene, health care and nutrition. According to the estimations approx. 99 percent of the UAE population had access to use the health facilities, approx. 95 percent had approached to safe water and hygiene facilities are accessed by 77 percent of the population (Shihab, 2017). The aim of health policies of UAE Government is to provide different facilities and at programs implementing is aimed at progressing the service level and providing the education of health in UAE. They have initiated precautionary medical programs like mother and child health care, vaccination and immunizations for children, observing and noticing of infectious diseases, and health informative programs. In addition, the Ministry of Health (MOH) of UAE offers medical centres for school going children, to all the units of health for children in every school throughout the UAE. Qualified nurses with equipments of first aid are also provided by these units. According to the population of UAE doctors, hospitals, nurses and beds are available througho ut the UAE. Generally, in UAE health facilities are distributed evenly (Abed Hellyer, 2001). Companies of UAE are working towards creating an environment of happier and healthier through different social and sports activities. The Ras Al Khaimah which is a free trade zone has launched a program of wellness and fitness for its 370 employees, providing different workshops for volleyball and yoga with healthy breakfast (Swan, 2012). According to the deputy director general Maryam Al Murshedi Al Shehhi, people are their main asset. Business cannot be maintained without a happy and healthy staff, otherwise they will be considered as a machine. A good product cannot be produced without a good machine. Even, the doctors week was offered by the company to its staff where they learnt about prevention from diseases, skincare and cosmetic treatments. Afterward, smoking cessation and weight loss campaigns will be held and daily health food will be offered that will include cereal, yogurt and fruit. Further, Simple changes were asked from the employees like drinking water. Normally, peop le do not drink enough water which is required when they sit in an office, but this habit does not only effect the health of the people but their morale too. The UAE is counted in one of the wealthy country, it is because of its resources of oil and its population base. The above essay proves that the fitness of the workforce and the growth of the economy are related. If workforce will not be fit then they will not give their best in the work and will definitely affect the profit of business and overall the economy of the UAE country. Eventually, if people will be fit it will not only benefit the economy of UAE but also the family of the individual. References Abed, I Hellyer, P. (2001). United Arab Emirates: A New Perspective. Trident Press Ltd. Drevits, T. (2015). The Five Benefits of Workplace Fitness Culture. Retrieved from: https://www.corporatewellnessmagazine.com/worksite-wellness/five-benefits-workplace-fitness-culture/ Frenk, J. (2017). Health and the economy: A vital relationship. Retrieved from: https://oecdobserver.org/news/archivestory.php/aid/1241/Health_and_the_economy:_A_vital_relationship_.html Health Galaxy. (2016). Benefits of physical fitness. Retrieved from: https://www.health-galaxy.com/benefits-of-physical-fitness.html Khaleej Times. (2015). UAE economy is strong, sustainable: Al Mansoori. Retrieved from: https://www.khaleejtimes.com/nation/government/uae-economy-is-strong-sustainable-al-mansoori Pronk, N.P. (2015). Why does fitness matter? Retrieved from: https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122714 Shihab, M. (2017). Economic Development in the UAE. Retrieved from: https://www.uaeinteract.com/uaeint_misc/pdf/perspectives/12.pdf Sport and Dev. (2017). Sport, physical activity and risk factors for major diseases. Retrieved from: https://www.sportanddev.org/en/learn-more/health/sport-physical-activity-and-risk-factors-major-diseases-0 Swan, M. (2012). UAE companies work towards happy, healthy workforce. Retrieved from: https://www.thenational.ae/lifestyle/wellbeing/uae-companies-work-towards-happy-healthy-workforce-1.386887

Interview with an immigrant free essay sample

Migration has contributed to the richness in diversity of cultures, ethnicities and races in developed countries. However, individuals who migrate experience multiple stresses that can impact their mental well-being, including the loss of cultural norms, religious customs, and social support systems, adjustment to a new culture and changes in identity and concept of self. â€Å"Migration is defined as any permanent change in residence. It involves the ‘detachment from the organization of actives at one place and the movement of the total round of activities to another† (Drachman, Kwon-Ahn, Paulino, 1996, p.  627). Many influences can determine migration and why people migrate to where they do. One important theory that contributes to this idea of migration is the push-pull theory. The push-pull theory says that some people move because they are pushed out of their former location, whereas others move because they have been pulled, or attracted, to another location. â⠂¬Å"Push factors are generally negative, such as poor economic conditions, lack of opportunity, discrimination, political oppression, and war. We will write a custom essay sample on Interview with an immigrant or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Whereas pull factors are generally positive, such as better economic opportunity, political freedom, and favorable reception toward immigrants† (Potocky-Tripodi, 2002, p. 13). In order to understand the resettlement and adaption of immigrants in a host country, it is critical to examine all aspects of an immigrant migration path. In light of this phenomenon is significant to understand this process through the lens of three stages of migration: premigration and departure, transit, and resettlement. Theses stages can serve as an ongoing frame of reference for evaluation and comparing their current experience in the host country. â€Å"The stage of migration framework provides a context for understating and helping immigrants families and individuals by linking the migration experiences in the original and intermediate countries with experiences in the country of destination† (Drachman, Kwon-Ahn, Paulino, 1996, p. 627). Using this framework an interview was conduct to analyze the human experiences of migration in attempt to further gain insight on immigrant who take into account not only their economic needs but also social and cultural differences, which may or may not be accepted. For the privacy of the interviewee, the name Ms. Stephenson will be disclosed for the purpose of confidentiality. Ms. Stephenson is a 52 year old woman whom resides in Stamford, Connecticut. Ms. Stephenson country of origin is Haiti. Ms. Stephenson is of Catholic faith. Ms. Stephenson is well–educated women who received her bachelors Human Rights and Humanitarian Policies from Columbia University in New York City. Upon graduating Ms. Stephenson obtained a job as a Bi-lingual Case Manager. Ms. Stephenson moved to Connecticut in 2002 to work closely with the Haitian population in Stamford, Connecticut. Ms. Stephenson is married with three children. Ms. Stephenson would consider herself to be middle class. Ms. Stephenson distinguished herself as a Haitian-American. Premigration and Departure Stage The premigration and departure stage consist of the decision-making process to leave one’s origin country to move to another. This entails loss of family and social environment. â€Å"Separation from family and friends, the act of leaving a familiar environment, decision regarding who is left behind, life threating circumstances, and loss of significant others are some of the issue individual face in this stage† (Drachman Pine, 2005, p.  545). Ms. Stephenson comes from a blue collar middle class family. Her father worked in construction and her mother was a school teacher. Ms. Stephenson states, â€Å"Education is very important in my family. My parents always worked hard to pave a brighter future for us†. Ms. Stephenson did not travel with family upon leaving Haiti. Her parents used their savings to provide fin ancial support to their daughter. Ms. Stephenson did not leave abruptly. It was a planned process that detail a great deal of investigation where she will stay upon her arrival. According to Potocky-Tripodi (2002), the losses are greater and the premigration and departure experience is more traumatic for refugees than for immigrants. Refugees often leave under hurried, chaotic, and dangerous conditions. There was a local shelter in New York where she would reside until she became financially stable. Her parents offered great social support and would assist her financially when they can. She states, â€Å"I am the oldest of three children. My parents made the choice for me to go to America for academic and economic advancement. † She further states, â€Å"The reality in Haiti is quite far from the law: political, economic and social features of Haiti negatively affect most Haitians. Nonetheless, Haitian women experience additional barriers of our basic rights due to principal social beliefs that we are inferior to men and a historical pattern of discrimination and violence against us based on their sex. † She continued by stating, â€Å"While I was a young girl president Jean-Claude Duvalier used widespread violence, including rape, as a means of suppressing opposition to his government. † When Ms. Stephenson was 20 years old, Psresident Raoul Cedras came into office with the same principles of victimization as way to oppress women. Ms. Stephenson stated, â€Å"My parents were fearful of me becoming victimized. As I often expressed my opposed ideas of this oppressed government. A year after his election my parents made the choice that it was time for me to go to America. † Transit The transit stage involves the physical movement from one country to another. Ms. Stephenson journey was not that of a refugee, where it can be dangerous and life threatening. Ms. Stephenson traveled through transportation of plane to come to the United States. Upon her arrival, Ms. Stephenson was detained by the authorities. â€Å"Immigrants who are taken into detention from a port-of-entry, most commonly an airport, are generally classified under U. S. Immigration law as â€Å"arriving aliens. † Arriving aliens have no legally recognized right to enter the United States and are generally turned away at the port-of-entry. To avoid being turned away Ms. Stephenson stated to immigration officials, â€Å"Due to the sexual violence against women. I was fear full of returning to my country. I was feared that I will persecuted in my home country. Ms. Stephenson was request to complete a â€Å"credible fear† interview which would determine. Ms. Stephenson was granted credibility fear of persecution. While waiting for her approval Ms. Stephenson had to be detained. Stephenson spent a year in an immigrant detention center in New York, where she witnessed the treatment received by undocumented migrants in those facilities, most of which are administered by private corporations. Ms. Stephenson states, â€Å"They were five very difficult months. As people, we have the right to freedom, and to be in prison is very difficult for any human being, above all if you havent committed any crime. I felt that my pride and dignity being stripped from each second, minute, day, and month I spent in the detention center. † While in custody at the dentation center, Ms. Stepson put her education to use to help others in translating documentations while detained. While detained, Ms. Stephenson witnessed the misuse and mistreatment of in individuals receiving medical care. She states: â€Å"Although I was not directly the victim of any kind of abuse, I certainly witnessed medical neglect. † While in detention the center Ms. Stephenson became stressed as the process lingered. â€Å"The word stress refers to the psychological discomfort or distress people frequently experience in daily life, especially while adjusting to new environment† (Drachman Ryan, 2001, p. 660). Ms. Stephenson would often use the supports of other detention members to cushion the stress endured while detain, however the feeling of loss from family in his country of origin was very strenuous on his physical health. She states, ‘†Feeling the loss of family made me sick to the core. At night I would have cold sweats. At times I would vomit until I started dry-heaving. † According to Drachman Ryan (2001), losses also are associated with separation from members of their families and other social support networks. This experience can cause for greater stress and traumatic experience. Resettlement Stage The last stage of migration is the Resettlement Stage. The stage comprises of people’s stay in the new country. â€Å"Such issues include adaptation to the cultural norms of the new country; health and mental health problems; language, education, and employment issues; changing family dynamics; and relations between the newcomers and established residents† (Potocky-Tripodi, 2002, p.  20). After a stressful process, Ms. Stephenson was granted asylum. Ms. Stephenson stated, â€Å"I am blessed to be granted asylum. I witnessed many of my counterparts who were misfortune to have the same blessing bestowed on them. † While waiting to apply for permanent residence, Ms. Stephenson resided with a fellow detainee whom had family re siding in New York. Ms. Stephenson would pick-up jobs around the community a source of income. Ms. Stephenson experiences during the transit stage created great strain on her identity. She states, â€Å"I felt that I had to recreate myself. The woman before her arrival to America was lost. The confinement she endure did not feel like â€Å"America†. The women who embraced her culture was confined to no more than a small room and cold steel bars. † She further states, â€Å"That I was not looked as a Haitian women full of rich culture, I was only seen as black. † According to Drachman and Ryan (2001), the search for identity and/or the recreation of identity are complicated processes for immigrants. They must reexamine and change their attitudes toward themselves, toward other ethnic groups and toward the dominate culture. Ms. Stephenson picked up the pieces of her shattered identity and pursued to become an American. One year after the date which Ms. Stephenson was granted final asylum status, she applied for legal permanent residence. Ms. Stephenson worked at local market to provide an income and did receive government assistance. She states, â€Å"I was often frustrated with my earned wage, but I knew that is my only mean for finances. † . â€Å"Immigrants often suffer the frustrations of being unemployed and regarded as fringe wage earners. Many immigrants willingly accept menial or semiskilled jobs in order to survive. (Drachman Ryan, 2001, p. 663). Ms. Stephenson did continue to receive family support. She states, â€Å"There was not a day that went by that I did not speak to my family on the phone. My family is my life line. † â€Å"Social support provide emotional and tangible benefits to individuals. Literature has indicated that social supports directly affect immigrants who are exposed to demands or are experiencing stress† (Drachman Ryan. 2001, p. 667). While working as cashier at a local market Ms. Stephenson noticed a sign that stated â€Å"Do not lose hope, when the sun goes down, the stars come out. † Hope is what brought Ms. Stephenson to America. She notes, â€Å"It was hope that my parents had for me in their decision of me coming to America. It was hope that placed me on that plane that faithful day. And it was hope that abled me to get through the year of detention† Ms. Stephenson sought out services that helped her to further her academic career. Ms. Stephenson was able to enroll in Columbus University through grants, scholarships and a program known as Tuition Assistance Program (TAP). Ms. Stephenson graduated from Columbia University in 1999. After graduating, she obtained a job as a Bi-lingual Case Manager in Brooklyn, New York. In 2002, she moved to Stamford, Connecticut where she works for International Institute of Connecticut, Inc. (IICI). Ms. Stephenson stated, â€Å"IICI is a nonprofit human service agency that addresses the need to provide new immigrants and refugees in Connecticut with services to help them become self-sufficient, integrated and contributing members of the community†. In 2005, Ms. Stephenson was pleased to state, â€Å"I became a United States Citizen†. Immigrants and Implications on Social Workers Working toward fair and just immigration and refugee policies is important to the profession of social work and essential to the realization of human rights. Social workers recognize migration as a complex social, cultural, and political process. Social workers must provide advocacy in services among the immigrant and refugee population. Social workers should adhere to designs and coordinate community support programs for refugee families both in the U. S. and in other countries. Social workers will need to assist these groups in integrating into various aspects of U. S. society, including the educational system and the workforce. When families migrate, they often separate and then reunify, which requires a redefining of the family. Cultural competency with immigrant children and families requires more than just learning about their culture. â€Å"Culturally competent social workers continually evaluate their practice and polices and procedures within their agencies to determine how they my better serve, and be more effective with, ethnic minority† (Potocky-Tripodi, 2002, p. 181). It also includes an understanding of the process of migration, the reasons families migrate, and the process of acculturation and related family or marital stressors. Social Workers must become culturally competent when providing services to immigrants and their families. When a professional forms a working relationship with a client of a different ethnic or cultural (or religious, socio-economic, etc. ) background, the responsibility is on the professional to develop culturally-sensitive practices. This involves not only working to understand some basic information about the clients culture, but also how the professionals own culture and upbringing may affect his or her ability to work with a particular clientele. References